When the pandemic first became an international talking point with all eyes on China, I remember how fast the dread hit me. As a Chinese-American migrant in the United Kingdom, with my Chinese-American family living in what would quickly become a hotspot for the virus, I knew that it wouldn’t be long before microaggressions would turn into macroaggressions. That dread would quickly transform again as the United Kingdom got hit with a national lockdown at the end of March, and I found myself barred from my lab for the next 6 months.
Oh, yeah…I was in the middle of finishing a PhD during all of this, wasn’t I?
It’s funny (or maybe it’s not), but when you’re a non-EU migrant in the UK, your studies can quickly become the last thing on your mind. Even before the pandemic, I was much more concerned with finding employment (can’t be more than 20 hours a week, can’t be freelance work, but also I have no access to public funds, so good luck with surviving!) and planning which visa routes I could apply for next. That’s not to say that I wasn’t working hard on my research…but as a self-funded (read: funded by US student loans) PhD student, it was hard not to become more pragmatic in the prioritising of my anxieties. I love my research, but it won’t pay my rent. Or pay for my next visa extension (or the various other things that migrants get charged hundreds of pounds for).
Frankly, this pandemic has me asking a question that I have yet to answer: what does a PhD even mean to me at this point? As a migrant in a country that is viciously hostile to immigration? As a person trying to survive a global pandemic? As a mentally ill Asian woman in an overtly racist, sexist, and ableist discipline? For a long time, I think I was spurred on by spite – after years of being referred to as “Short Round” for daring to be an Asian archaeologist (a reference to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, truly a masterclass in Orientalist racism), I wanted to prove that I could earn my PhD and therefore be legitimised in a discipline that would rather study me as an object.
I’d like to think there was some positivity in there as well, that I would like to represent someone who wouldn’t normally be thought of as an academic and archaeologist. That I could break the mould, as a chubby Asian woman with tattoos and an inability to remember the names of bones despite literally being an expert of animal bones. I mean, how many archaeologists are like that?
But again…spite and aspirations won’t pay my rent, or my visa fees, or help me survive.
At the time of writing this essay, a week has elapsed since I submitted my PhD. I wish I could say that I was enjoying my post-PhD time, catching up on sleep and relaxing…but I’m not. Everyday, I sent out an average of 3 job applications, both for academic and non-academic positions. PhD or no PhD, my life depends on employment: to continue to have access to life-saving medication, to remain with my partner in this country, to keep my legal status as a migrant, to simply survive. That the job market was already grim pre-pandemic doesn’t help with the urgency, either. As I lose focus on remaining in academia, it’s hard not to feel an immense amount of grief and regret either – did I really spend the last decade of my life studying for degrees that will not matter? Did I waste my life chasing a feeling of prestige that will not keep me warm and healthy as we face a winter pandemic?
What does a PhD mean in a pandemic? If it can’t save me, was it worth it?
I don’t really know.
]]>As we start a new term / semester we thought it might be good to put out a call, and a survey, to try and find out how people are getting on with work, life and science right now. For some people, COVID has been a show stopper. For others, it’s been an opportunity.
The survey: We’ve put together a survey to collect information about how people have been finding this time, and if you’d like to fill it in you can find it here: . It’s a completely informal survey which we’ll use to write an article or two – all questions are optional. If you want to vent, go for it.
The call for articles: If you want to write a longer piece for us we’d be happy to take submissions. The aim of this site is to consider the human stories behind the science, and there are so many stories to tell about our work and life over the last few months.
]]>Why is the current BLM movement important for all minority groups?
This question is being asked by those that have never experienced racism. It is a fair question, for someone that has not, nor will ever experience racism or other forms of prejudice, whether it be based on race, gender, or sexual orientation.
If you have never experienced racism, then it can be difficult to appreciate the impact it can have on your life. This is something I was thinking about before the BLM movement gained the traction it has over the past few days.
The question of prejudice was something I was thinking about when I decided to participate in the BCSWomen Lovelace Colloquium. This is an annual one-day conference for women students of Computing and related subjects. I had never participated in this before and was not entirely sure of what to expect.
The reason I joined was to support and be a part of an event that promoted a minority group and helped break down barriers and created opportunities for those that had been told “this is not for you”. The reason in my mind was simple: if we can break down this barrier it would have a positive knock-on effect for the benefit of other minority groups.
The experience was a very positive one, and one I look forward to repeating at the next conference. The energy of everyone taking part was incredible and the feeling of being a part of it was refreshing and positive.
The negativity came the following day, in the form of comments from classmates who thought the conference was “unfair”, “divisive” and “non-inclusive”. These comments came from the men that did not take part, even though the event was open to all. These comments are what made me think about my own experiences growing up and the overt racism and negativity I had to deal with, starting in junior school, continuing throughout my high school years right into university and continuing through some, though not all, of the workplaces I ended up in.
For me, the very first time I became aware of the existence of racism was in junior school. The first racist comment I heard was in the playground, around age 7 I think, one of the boys in the playground shouted the word “paki” at me. I had no idea what it even meant at the time and did not understand it was a racist word. I realised it might be a bad word when this boy came over to shout it in my face.
We were all young at that time and I am not sure the boy shouting this word even understood what it meant. Anyway, over the following weeks, months I realised what it meant and became aware of the fact that I was not liked very much, purely based on the colour of my skin and on the basis of the country my parents came from. The words I heard thrown at me got worse and more hurtful and more frequent. The teachers did not seem to care very much, so there was never anyone to turn to for help.
My parents were working 7 days a week, and I would see them for a few hours a day between their work shifts. I never told them because I had heard my dad telling my uncles about the things that he was experiencing in the factory he worked at and on the streets going to and from work. They would shrug it off and get on with life and work.
So it became normal to hear these words and it felt like something that you just had to deal with. I dealt with it throughout my time at school. I moved from junior school into high school, the words got worse and the physical intimidation got worse. I joined the rugby team in high school, and thought, ok I am safe now. I have “friends” and “team-mates” that will stick up for me and be on my side.
This was, of course, not the case.
The moment I realised that I was still on my own was when, whilst with my “team-mates”, someone spat in my face. When it happened I could not even react: I was so shocked I did nothing. I stood there and my “team-mates” kept walking and did not even look back. That is the moment I realised I was completely on my own with this. Since I did not react this was taken to mean, I guess, that I was an easy target. So the racist comments got worse, the physical intimidation got worse. The fact that no one physically hit me meant that I had no evidence that there was a problem.
This went on throughout my time at high school. The only time I reacted was when I was pushed from behind and my head went through a glass door. The glass smashed and I remember shaking it out of my hair. I turned around and it was the same person who had spat in my face. Something snapped inside me and I remember I started to punch the boy but remember very little until I was being dragged off him by a teacher. Suffice to say I was the one in trouble and I was the one punished for this incident.
As these experiences build up, you start to put up mental walls; you look at everyone as a potential threat. You wake up every morning with a knot in your stomach and go to school with the dread of what might or could happen that day.
Then one day I joined the army cadets.
This was not because I wanted to join the army after school, but because one of the boys that was most vocal in his racist comments told me if I joined then the comments would probably stop and the other boys in the cadets would back me up. This sounded like a good deal at the time so I asked my dad to take me there and I ended up joining the army cadets in Edinburgh.
I lasted almost a year, until I realised that the racism stopped at high school but continued within the cadets. I also realised that the racism within the cadets was much worse than anything I had experienced at high school. Within the cadets, the boys think that any abuse you get, be it verbal or physical, is normal and part of the privilege of being part of an “elite” group. Although I didn’t realise it at the time this was my first taste of the world outside of school: the real world.
After dropping out of the cadets, the racism got worse because I was now no longer “protected” by being a part of the cadets. This was ok by me because it was much milder than the racism I had to deal with as a part of that group. This was because not all the boys from the cadets were at the same school as me.
I was getting to the end of my high school years and all the other kids were getting advice on what to do after high school and which university to go to and what to study. I remember being given an appointment with the careers’ counsellor to discuss my future. I was excited not only at the thought of picking a university but also at getting out of high school.
This one appointment with this counsellor was the worst day of my life.
I went to my meeting, I was excited, hopeful, and happy. I left feeling worthless and almost in tears. The counsellor told me I would not pass my Higher exams and I need to lower my expectations and look at realistic options in life. I did not get a chance to discuss my future. I did not get the chance to talk about all the degree options at university. I was never asked “which university do you want to go to?”. I was told that the only thing in life I could do was pick a trade and focus on that, because I would never amount to anything more than that.
After this meeting, I felt sad. I cried. It was the lowest point I had ever been. Then I got angry. I had never felt that kind of anger at anything before, not even with all the racist comments and abuse. The racism was something I had learned to deal with and to block out, but to be told that I would never be able to do what I wanted with my life and my future, this was different.
I decided to show this person that I could do anything I wanted, so I studied more, I focused more, and I passed all my exams. I then applied to university and was accepted to the university I wanted to be at on the course I wanted to do.
I moved on to university. At this point I was living at home and the problem with this was I was still surrounded by the same people from high school. The same comments were thrown at me on the way to and from university. It felt like I could not escape from these people: they were always there.
I did something I should not have done: I dropped out of university. Looking back, at the time, this was the right thing for me. I needed to move away from this neighbourhood and away from these people. So, I applied to a university that was far enough away that I would have to move and stay in halls on campus. I accepted a place on a course I did not want to do, to be in a place that was far from the place I had come to associate with hatred and racism.
The insidious thing about being a victim of racism is that it can make you think and behave irrationally. It can impact a single moment in your life and this singular moment, thought or action can have a huge impact on the rest of your life. I was now away from the people that had hounded me throughout my high school years, but doing a course I had no interest in. I didn’t care because I was around people I didn’t know and I loved it. I met some wonderful people and had amazing experiences.
But this change also led to a future of always chasing and looking for that same feeling. University life does not last forever. I wasn’t looking to extend my life at university: I was looking to hold on to that feeling of being myself and being free to express myself and not waking up every morning with a knot in my stomach and the dread of having to deal with a life I felt was never going to be fair.
We all deal with parts of our life that we think of as “unfair”, and that is normal and expected, but being treated differently purely based on the colour of your skin adds a whole other level of stress. This means you deal with the “normal” day to day life problems that most people can associate with and relate to, but then added to that you also carry a burden that is never seen nor spoken of by the majority of people. To speak of this burden is discouraged and looked down on. The first rule of carrying this burden is to never speak of it, the second rule of carrying this burden is to NEVER speak of it. So you come to term with the fact that you will just need to work harder and do more, not to be seen as being better than those that don’t have this burden to carry, but just be seen as at the same level.
One of the odd things to come out of always having to work harder to be seen at the same level is: if you do this too well those that keep you down will use you as a role model to show other minorities that “see anyone can make it if they work hard enough”. This is one of the cruellest ironies.
So, for the next 16 years I travelled and moved and had new experiences in new countries. In other words, I continued to run from racism. I had a taste of it when I ran from my first university to the second and it felt wonderful to have to focus on a new environment and to be so immersed in it that you forget about the “real world” problems around you. Therefore, I loved moving to different countries; I loved the process of figuring out a new way of doing things, a new culture and new people and environment.
I could look back on these years as wasted. I had no career focus nor any interest in one. All I wanted was to chase that feeling of being free and not having to deal with the problems in the world. I had had enough of them since I could remember, and this was an opportunity to ignore them. Therein lay the issue: I was ignoring the problem, but the problem of racism was always present, no matter where I went or what I did. I just got very good at ignoring it.
But ignoring it cannot go on forever.
I realised eventually that I had to stop and decide on what I wanted and why I wanted it. It is the reason I finally decided to go back to university and to study that degree programme that I wanted to, the one I had dropped out of so many years ago.
Here I am and finally doing what I want, though that feeling of things still not being right persists and it nags me constantly. So many years on, and the same problem still exists, but this time rather than run away from it I want to try and change things; not just for me and for those that are going through the same things as me, but also for other minorities.
So, I decide to attend the BCSWomen Lovelace Colloquium. This may seem like an unusual choice based on my personal experience. The way I see it is, all events and groups that are trying to change any kind of prejudice or injustice are all aiming for the same end goal: equality.
The people were welcoming and accepting, the exchange of ideas and thoughts refreshing. I even became involved in helping to manage the Lovelace Colloquium page in LinkedIn.com. The feeling of inclusivity and being a part of a conference such as this is quite amazing.
After all the above, this happened yesterday.
A “friend” post this on their Facebook page:
This one post brought back all the feelings I had been running from. It brought back the anger I felt and the feeling of frustration and helplessness I felt at high school. I have seen these kinds of posts over the years, so the actual content was not new. What was new was that this was a classmate on my course. The course I left years ago, to run away from people like this, and this person had sat next to me in classes, had joked with me, talked to me. All the time he had such feeling inside him, so lacking in empathy.
This one post made me so angry that I started thinking about all the things I am currently writing about. This one post, that not only lacks empathy, but he cared so little about the content of it that the name of the cop is incorrect and so is the colour of his skin. This post was written from a place of ignorance. My previous self would have ignored it and pretended it did not exist, but I cannot do that anymore. This kind of ignorance needs to be confronted and highlighted.
For someone that is born with the “right” skin pigment life become so much easier. This does not mean they will not struggle or have no problems in their life, nor does it mean they will be financially stable or even happy. All it means is that they will never have an invisible burden on their backs, they will never feel that they carry something that is absolutely and completely out of their power to change and they will not be reminded of this fact day in day out. Reminded vocally or even worse to be reminded through a brief look or unspoken word or gesture. It is this ingrained and institutionalised form or racism that adds the most weight to the invisible burden.
]]>Doing a PhD is rarely a linear process.
The people who finish a PhD within approximately 4 years might seem like the norm in some STEM departments, but that is, by no means, the whole picture. The 4-year-finishers are also the lucky ones. They have had fewer challenges, difficulties and hiccups, and aren’t representative of the broader picture of an “academic apprenticeship”. Looking at PhD completion rates within the UK, about 73% those starting a doctorate will complete within 7 years, with over 80% completing within 25 years.
25 years, seriously? What exactly transpired to result to this?
What happens? Well, off-the-record accounts keep emerging, in which PhD students share horror stories about abusive, indifferent or undermining supervisors. To it worse, there is a fairly widespread acceptance and even cover-up of misconduct within some academic circles. Departmental management may turn a blind eye to such practices, or worse yet, they may consider the student not good enough for a PhD. No questions are asked about why some supervisors seem to “get through” students more than others, or have more widely published students, or have students who hide in their labs, or worse still, don’t even come in…
So the weight falls on the students’ shoulders to prove that they aren’t the problem. That it’s not their lack of skill or hard work that causes this situation. It could be the fairly hostile and overly competitive culture cultivated within a lab, Department or School that puts them at a disadvantage. It could be a lack of communication, a lack of support, actively undermining the candidate.
This occasionally leads to academic staff telling students that they’re not cut out to do a PhD, perhaps it’s karma and maybe, they’re just not good enough for doing research. Maybe they’re not intellectually suited for it, or lack the “mental toughness” that a bad supervisor requires.
The question is: where does a PhD student in trouble draw the line? How can they minimise their losses without walking away too early in the process? If they stay too long, they risk passing the point where they have invested too many of their resources to quit, which leaves the candidate drained and burnt out.
I belong to the latter category, where for the past half a dozen years I have been working on a PhD that feels never-ending, and it’s safe to say that it hasn’t been my lack of skill or hard work that led to this situation. I’d attribute many of my difficulties to a generous amount of unacceptable or neglectful academic behaviour including supervisor moves, non-responsive supervisors and elusive supervisors, topped off with a generous helping of preferential management practices.
The process has taught me a lot, especially how not to do research – what to consider as acceptable practices and which behaviours and approaches should raise red flags; how to be flexible enough to circumvent opinionated and possibly biased approaches; when to “play dumb”; when to stand my ground.
Truth be said, I am lucky enough to be dealing with a technological field which has recently experienced rapid growth and democratisation of knowledge. Thus, the process of acquiring skills and understanding does not rely solely upon an academic route into the subject. If anything, academia is trying to keep up with this shift by offering new forms of learning (distance learning postgraduate degrees, digital learning and others).
To get back to my original question: where does one draw the line? In my opinion, a PhD is a prerequisite for teaching in academia or doing academic research (frequently referred to as “blue sky thinking”). Other than that, one can gain knowledge, experience and skills through industrial R&D, through private research, or through other workplace roles.
Ultimately, the question boils down to “what do you want to achieve?” What is a PhD for? I would argue that unless someone finds themselves in an academic environment with a progressive, inclusive and respectful culture, it is actually not worth going through this process just to be left drained, burnt out, disappointed and bitter or cynical. On the other hand, if one finds themselves in the right environment, then doing a PhD is absolutely worth it. It can equip the researcher with so many positive traits, shaping their character, making them humble in the face of the enormous existing body of knowledge. It also provides skills and a mindset which lead to intellectual prowess such as supporting a thesis with arguments, working methodologically, sifting through immense volumes of information to find the needle in the haystack, and so much more.
]]>Earlier this week I was asked if I’d mind saying a few words about why I was on strike by my local branch.
“Firstly, I’m on strike because I’m a member of the union, and the union has voted to be on strike. As far as I’m concerned, that’s what you do. It’s what unions do.
Secondly, I did actually vote for the strike because I think that all of the things we’re fighting on are very important. People in the university are very much overworked.
Graduates and post-docs are doing very casualised teaching. The whole foundation of the supervision system is held up by people on hourly-paid contracts who are not necessarily being paid for any of the preparation work they’re doing. They do it because it helps their career and because it’s the right thing to do, but they still should be paid for it properly. Work needs to be not casualised because people need to be able to live. Pay needs to keep up with inflation rather than falling behind.
Pensions, which are deferred pay, need to be able to support us in the future. The USS board of trustees is simply ignoring the first report of the Joint Expert Panel and saying they’re going to wait for the second report. It’s not good enough that they’re still going to make changes to our pensions. At this point they should take what the Joint Expert Panel said on board and actually do something with it.
Our dispute is with the university but we need the university to go and negotiate on our behalf, with the UUK, with UCEA, to make sure that our demands on pay, pensions, equality – the gender pay gap in this university is extreme, it’s ridiculous – and workload are heard. The only way to make sure we’re heard is to be here on the picket line.”
What I said remains true – and I’m happy to be out there – but boy is our department a tough gig!
Despite some of the faculty being UCU members I’m not aware of any of the lectures being cancelled this time round, and a lot of the work students do in labs is considered compulsory – so students are doubly reluctant to observe the picket lines.
Those of us who are “local” on the picket (IT staff, graduate students who also teach, early career researchers) are being joined by staff and students from other departments who find it very discouraging in comparison to other picket lines. We do our best to keep spirits up. Getting someone to accept a flyer or sticker feels like a victory. I’ve even encouraged a few people just to use the back entrance if they need to come in.
But I still feel it’s worthwhile us being there. We support each other – and we are visible reminder that we *are* on strike and that everyone in the university is affected in some way. I was back on the picket line today.
]]>I should be able to do these things when I’m not on strike. There should be parts of the day, every day (including week-days), which are for me, my family, my home. I’ve managed about 10 minutes every day to meditate, but aside from the more functional things (shopping, eating, washing-up) I’ve not managed much else for myself on weekdays. Don’t get me wrong: when I’m not working I prioritise time with family over time for myself, and I do manage more time for me at the weekend. The strike has brought home that I need more time for me.
Having been through mental ill health, I am constantly battling to prioritise life over work. I try to live the manifesto to be more kind. It’s still difficult to stop work overflowing because our roles in Universities are so flexible. That is both the joy and the curse of academia. I love that it’s varied. I love that we get opportunities that are stimulating, exciting, challenging. But I don’t love that I feel pressure to do more and more of these, and to do them really well. Across the UK higher education sector we are all struggling with excessive workloads, and that’s one of the strike issues.
The current UCU campaign talks about unsafe and excessive workloads. UCU believe we should be properly compensated for excessive workloads. Actually, I don’t want more money: I want a workload that is achievable in a regular five day 9-5 working week. I want to feel happy at work. I want to stop feeling guilty that once again I am desperately trying to finish off a job in the evening when I should have time for me and my family.
The excellent highlights the problems. Mental ill health has got worse in university staff between 2009 and 2016, with rises of 50% common, and some as high as 316% (University of Warwick counselling referrals) and 424% (University of Kent occupational health referrals). The report identifies possible causes, including excessive workloads, and workload models which under-account tasks. It also identifies the audit and metric-driven culture of higher education, leading to a performance management culture. (Newsflash for senior management teams: if you take creative people and put them under lots of stress with unrealistic deadlines and impose “stretch” targets then those people stop being able to be creative.) The report also mentions precarious contracts, which is another of the reasons UCU has called a strike.
Being on strike is hard, because who gets hurt when we are on strike? Staff who are on strike? Definitely. I know that when I get back to work I will have to pick up the pieces of not having been at work for 8 days. Colleagues? Definitely. Some will be asked to cover the work of those on strike. If they’re not in a union then they might feel pressured to say yes. Students? Of course. They are missing out on part of their education – but lots of UCU branches are putting on educational events to which students are invited. The : they appreciate that we are doing this to preserve quality higher education. Higher education employers? Definitely, in the long term, because our current culture is causing burn-out and eventually we will run out of talented and inspirational staff. Disputes such as this one also erode goodwill between institutions and staff, and our institutions run on our goodwill and willingness to take on additional roles and work extra hours.
So I’ll take the chance to stand up for a feasible working week, and for more security and career pathways for junior colleagues. I’ll also breathe a tiny sigh of relief that for the next eight days I can reset my own work-life balance.
(End note: thanks to Rachel Norman, who during a strike.)
]]>There is a nausea that comes with a principled decision. Your stomach is pulled in two directions, by the desire to do the right thing and the knowledge of the consequences. And there’s the guilty relief of stumbling upon some reason, some blameless release beyond your control that allows you to step back from the edge and say “it wasn’t me, my hands were tied.”
I can’t strike; I’m not a member of the union. Never mind that I signed up, briefly, as private penance for non-participation in 2018. Never mind that the break-glass button of the UCU website is there, on every computer. I’m not a member, and that’s that. Sometimes we don’t just hope to stumble upon an external force that gives us an easy out – sometimes we go hunting for it.
Plus, I can’t take the salary hit right now. Am I borrowing from everyone else’s future? It feels like skipping a blood donation the week before a marathon. Never mind the personal cost, the collective good is disappointed in you. Must try harder.
Modern life demands strong stances; to not take one is to sin by omission. There’s no space for grey. Albert Camus writes of the stranger. A boy who fails to display grief for his dead mother, an indictment of character that leads to his conviction for an unrelated crime. Hanged, for being honest about how grey his heart was. As tannoys and whistles seep through the windows, I feel as if I’ve thrown my lot in with Maleficent, Scar, or Thatcher – just by reluctantly failing to stand up. The guilty verdict of Camus’s jury, delivered to me, by me.
So yes, I feel guilty for not striking on behalf of others, but I also feel unjustified doing it for myself. As a junior member of staff, my contract is permanent and I rarely go over hours. I’ve never felt pressured to do so, and those that do aren’t lauded for it here. Plus, I’ve not had time to get used to the pension, or the pay – which is better than most of my family or friends. I’ve marched for the climate, for women’s rights, against the rise of fascism. Marching for my own deal just seems gauche.
It’s easy to fight for someone else. It’s easy to run your mouth in a meeting when a student is being mistreated. It’s easy to kneel with someone who has nothing and say, simply, “I see you, and you matter”. It’s easy to give away the equivalent of 8 days of strike pay to charity every year. It’s easy to cook a meal, to make a sandwich, to give socks to someone with no fucking socks.
It’s harder when it’s for you. It’s harder when it’s making your lot a little bit better. But it’s not just you, it’s your colleagues. And so the indecision and paralysis continue, right up to the end of the strike. “It wasn’t me, my hands were tied.”
]]>So I decided to carry out an informal survey for Scientists Are Humans to work out where we all draw our lines – if we draw lines about what we’ll spend on. The survey got tweeted and retweeted quite a few times and after two weeks we had 121 responses. This post is about what people said in their responses. I’ve left the survey up with a few extra questions so if you didn’t already fill it in you .
This was an entirely unofficial and unscientific survey. It was circulated on the Scientists are Humans and pages, and so there’s a clear sampling bias. Some questions were multiple choice, and so we can present graphs for these. Others were textual answer questions so the data has had to be cleaned up by hand; I’ll make it clear where this has happened in the discussion.
Within the HE sector there’s an expectation that you will pay out for things and then claim it back, and many Universities are s l o w about refunds. So even when refunded, people can be out of pocket for months, sometimes by £1000s. Lots of people commented about this, on Twitter in particular. It’s not what this post is about, though. This post is about the money we spend with no expectation of return.
The main bulk of the survey was a series of questions asking what aspects of work expenditure people spend their own money on. These were loosely grouped into four categories – food, travel, equipment, and fees or charges. Here’s the big chart with all the categories in it:
Things which over half the respondents have spent their own money on at some point are as follows: All kinds of meals and hospitality; travel for national meetings; fees for one-day meetings; memberships of professional bodies or societies; small equipment (<£50); laptops/computers; and books. There is nothing, it seems, that some academic somewhere won’t pay for – over 10% have paid for article publication fees at least once, and over 30% have paid for large equipment at least once.
There was a free text box asking if there were other things that people spent on which weren’t in the list provided, and yes, yes there were other things. Lots of people buy stationery. Several people insure their own car for work use and can’t claim that back. Software licenses (Dropbox appears particularly frequently) and journal access fees also pop up more than once. Coffee/tea/cake/biscuits for the group is mentioned a lot, for general consumption, regular events e.g. “cake Friday” or for special events like vivas. Other research-related expenditure included protective clothing, supplies for growing plants, reagents, prescription goggles, article proof-reading costs, and visa costs for conferences. Some people spend their own money on student prizes.
And finally: a lot of people mentioned credit card fees whilst waiting for eventual reimbursement; not all of us have the cash to pay up front and then wait.
The questionnaire also asked – as a free-text answer – “Approximately how much of your own money do you spend on work stuff a year?“.
To get a summary table of this, a bit of data cleaning was required. Some of the answers here were easily convertible into a numerical answer – if currency was specified, a rough conversion in to £ was made. If a range was specified, a mid-point was taken. Some were impossible (“10% of income” is a meaningful answer but impossible to guess as a number; “£400 except for those years when I buy a new laptop” is again hard to guess; answers like these were omitted from the averages). So given this fairly rough data cleaning I can now generate another chart – here are the averages, by career stage, of the amount of cash spent per year by academics:
What this doesn’t capture is the sheer spread of the numbers. Some people spend nothing. Some people spend £5,000 a year on work-related expenses.
Several people, in answer to this question, said that they couldn’t bring themselves to calculate their total; Others said that if work didn’t pay, then they would not pay, and if that meant missing out stuff then that’s fine.
We also asked for location, but with just 121 samples and a major UK bias there wasn’t enough of a spread to draw any conclusions or even draw any serious charts from this.
It’s hard to draw conclusions from a survey with the data flaws that this one has. I’m not going to let that stop me though…
In the UK at least, spending some of your own money on work-related expenses seems almost inevitable for academics. I think of my friends who went into industry and who get conference budgets and home offices funded by their workplace, and I have to admit I feel a little jealous. I realise that this isn’t always the case in industry, but it appears to me to be more common for the private sector to do this.
In UK HE it’s also true that some of the richer Universities provide more cash to their staff. I remember being at an awards event with a prof from Oxford, who picked up the bill for 8 award winners’ food and drinks in a central London location with a breezy “It’s networking, it’ll be fine” – a move that would have caused my finance office to explode. This made me jealous, briefly, but upon reflection it’s worth remembering that when we spend, we’re spending public money or student money. So checks on things like alcohol consumption are just fine by me. I don’t mind paying for my own food, and claiming alcohol has always felt strange.
On a personal note it appears I’m pretty average. I’ll spend on my own food whilst travelling, and short trips, and small pieces of equipment, with a laptop every few years. This puts me in about the £350 bracket unless I’m buying a laptop – which is every three or four years and costs about a grand. So let’s call my outgoings £600. It’s quite reassuring to be near the mean – I still don’t like spending as much of my own money on work, but at least I now know it’s relatively normal.
]]>I got married during my PhD, after I had published my first paper and presented at conferences. I deliberated for years about what to do about my surname but still wasn’t sure the week before (or after!) the wedding. Here I’ll share some of my thoughts and experiences.
A name is highly personal. First of all, I want to emphasise that a choice of name is a very personal decision so please keep this in mind if you talk about this with someone who is making that decision.
In the UK, it has been normal for a long time for children to inherit their father’s surname and for women to take their husband’s name upon marriage. Other cultures have other naming traditions, of course, but as a British person I write from a British perspective. In addition, there are reasons other than marriage for changing a name and I hope that this article may be useful for those circumstances too. In the UK there is technically no such concept of a “legal name”. However, the name printed on your passport and driving licence is effectively a legal name and I will refer to it as such.
The first thing I did was Google search “changing surname in academia”. That produced some chatroom threads, mainly from the USA, which weren’t much help. It seemed like many women didn’t know what to do. Next, I posted in a Facebook group for women in academia asking specifically if anyone was using a “professional” name that was different from their legal name. No one actually answered that question but many women were eager to tell me proudly that they kept their names, implying that to take one’s husband’s name would be unfeminist. Again, it is a personal choice.
What are the options?
1) keep your birth name (maybe your partner will change his name)
2) change everything to your husband’s name
3) change your name “legally” (i.e. passport etc.) and continue with your birth name at work
4) change to a new name (e.g. double—barrelled) and change everything to that.
Each of these has pros and cons. You might consider whether it means a lot to you and your partner to share a surname; whether you might have children and what their name will be; what will be less confusing for colleagues; whether you have an unusual and distinctive name; or even just which name sounds better.
I wasted a lot of time trying to get information out of my university to help me decide. I got passed around from department to department and it was incredibly difficult to get any answers. Equality & Diversity even referred me to the Women in Physics committee, which at the time was actually me (and others).
To save you the time, these are the questions I asked and some answers:
1) Should I be registered under my legal name at university?
The answer is almost certainly yes if you are an international student, for visa reasons. My university’s website said I should but I was later told that is just a “recommendation” (although see Q3).
2) Can I change the display name on my email address to be different from the registration name?
No, not where I studied. You could only put a preferred first name. Many universities automatically set email addresses and display names from their records and will not do otherwise, despite many women asking to have their professional name used instead. My current university lets staff choose an email address as well as holding preferred first names and surnames. I hope other institutions will follow suit!
3) What name goes on my degree certificate?
My university said that this is the name held in the registration records and cannot be different from that. This name should obviously be one you can prove belongs to you when you apply for jobs. If it’s on your birth certificate then there should be no problem.
4) What name goes on my thesis?
More tricky. It’s a publication, so I wanted it to match the name on my papers. While you can publish journal papers under any name you like, this name has to be the same as registered with the university, including middle name(s), it turned out.
5) What if I’m also employed by the university?
This is a problem if you don’t register under your legal name and the payroll database blindly takes your data from the student registration database because payroll needs your legal name for tax reasons. It was not trivial to figure out which databases fed into each other and few admin staff seemed to know.
It is worth checking the details with your own institution if it concerns you but bear in mind there may be a lack of training among staff and you may need to push for an answer. I chose to change my name legally and keep my birth name professionally. The university I now work at collects preferred first AND surnames for their database, thus demonstrating that it can be done. This means everything has been set up with my professional name (except the payroll). It confused my colleagues a little at first but they have got used to it and I can get travel booked with the correct name, no problem.
With all this hassle you may be wondering why some women bother to change their names or why others complicate things by using two names in parallel. In science, a name is a brand. We can reel off author-year citations and re-branding may be tricky, although not impossible. For me, marriage is about a new family (children or not) and a shared name symbolises that. Others may view this differently; it is a personal decision. Do what feels right and hopefully the administration systems will allow you your decision.
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Cristina Balaban (Twitter: ) is an MSci Geography graduate at Durham University. Born and raised in the mountain foothills of Romania, she decided to turn her childhood playground into her research field. Her PhD is in reconstructing former mountain glaciers there to not only provide insights into how present glaciers will respond to the impending climate crisis, but also inspire other students to do the same.
Soumya Singh (Twitter: ) is an MEng (Hons) Computer Science graduate, also from Durham University. Born and brought up in India, she has just started working as a technologist in London, building her expertise in software engineering and data science.
Disclaimer: The authors are not medical professionals. This piece presents their subjective experience concerning the burnout phenomenon and seeks to be of informative value. If the readers are concerned about their personal well-being or that of others, they are encouraged to seek specialised help.
We all have been very stressed at some point. Sometimes, an inexplicable feeling of constant tiredness in the face of an ever-growing to-do list takes over. Even worse, a job or project that you vehemently love and could never get tired of has become a drain on energy and emotion. Why not call it a day and come back fresh tomorrow? But tomorrow is not any better. Against all common sense, this emotional package comes wrapped up in the most unfitting possible foil – a fear of stopping. Welcome to burn-out. Burn-out does not discriminate by gender and age, let alone profession. However, it appears to especially target high-achieving individuals. Bonded over reciprocal admiration for each other and unconditional friendship, we are two fresh graduates who have experienced burn-out in the past few years. We have decided to share our individual stories, that are more similar than it seems at first sight and how burn-out crept into our lives, how we overcame it and how we aim to prevent it in the future.
SAH: When did you realise you were burning yourselves out? What were the initial signs and symptoms that something was not right?
Cristina: I have always been a perfectionist. Coming from a non-scientific, foreign background (specialising in arts and humanities at high school), deciding to do a science degree at a foreign university was a daunting challenge. In order to justify my family’s investment in studying abroad and aiming to solve the existential crisis of my future career path, I put an unhealthy amount of time into my degree (peaking 10-12 hour days, 7 days per week). Combined with a lack of physical activity (I was never a sports person) and being passionate enough about my degree to claim it as my sole hobby, university work crept into all aspects of my life, including social life, meal and sleep times. Prolonged time periods under this routine led to a difficulty in focusing on coursework and managing deadlines and exam preparation. Unaware of the burn-out phenomenon at the time, I put my decreased productivity down to being lazy and disorganised. Counterintuitive to such symptoms, I continued working under the same routine … which was like a death trap. Not only did I become increasingly tired and ill from the lack of proper sleep and food, but also isolated from people. Having no one to talk to about my struggles and help me find a solution, I lost my self-esteem and became severely anxious and depressed – viewing myself as a failure even in the face of academic success. Everything culminated into a burst of self-harm thoughts. This, fortunately, made me seek out help for the very first time.
Soumya: My causes are diametrically opposite to Cristina’s. Working insanely long hours was never an issue for me – sports, volunteering, leading student societies and getting good grades – you name it and I had it, and I was living my best life! I had always been outgoing and the novelty of being an international student wanting to squeeze the best out of every moment proliferated it all into high-achieving performance and the appreciation from others motivated me even more – by the end of my penultimate year I had two internships, a full-time job, numerous awards and countless other things in my kitty. Finally, when I thought I should feel at peace with myself for having it all, I actually felt quite the opposite – agitated and restless. What I thought of as simple boredom, which should have disappeared on starting my final year a couple of weeks later, in fact, exacerbated. I started to look for more new things to get involved in. This wasn’t it – I started taking everything personally and minor inconveniences turned into major annoyances. I felt perpetually exhausted, mistaken as procrastination. I only realised the graveness of the situation when I felt absolutely powerless and devastated from a snide remark from a stressed-out colleague – my reaction to it was far out of proportion when I normally would have laughed it off. This morphed into frequent bouts of anxiety which was extremely unsettling as I had never experienced a thing like this before. Usually upbeat, I had turned into an often-gloomy cynic all of a sudden. I started to question if I really ever enjoyed what I was doing, which was obviously not true, otherwise I would not have been so driven for 3 long years. I hadn’t lost any motivation but my body and mind had completely frozen and my memory, which happened to be my best asset, was suffering terribly. It was time to do something urgently.
SAH: What helped you realise that it was burnout?
Cristina: While I have been suffering from anxiety my whole life, this felt entirely different. I was obviously anxious about meeting my deadlines and performing well in my assignments. However, unlike bouts of anxiety, my motivation to work was severely hampered physically. I felt too weak even to walk or stay awake during the day. It was only when I undertook some blood test that came back flagged that I realised I have anaemia (iron deficiency). It made sense that the combination of my improper diet and overworking led to this state. While googling my symptoms, I came across the ‘burn-out’ term and was somewhat relieved to know what I was going through was more commonplace than I had thought. Speaking with the university counselling service also clarified the existence of this phenomenon.
Soumya: I knew many of the symptoms I was experiencing were common to depression, but it was not depression as I neither had thoughts of self-harm nor lacked any hope or motivation. It wasn’t just stress either – because I now had much less to stress me out – just my dissertation and coursework which was far less than having to juggle job applications and studies at the same time. Obviously, dissertation and coursework can be stressful enough, still wouldn’t have caused *that* kind of a reaction for me, normally. A full eight hours of sleep didn’t help either, I was starting to feel mentally paralysed and physically exhausted – even brushing my teeth seemed like a mammoth task on many days! This lasted for a couple of months so I started to hunt for resources online and the NHS and several medical and mental health charity websites had compiled resources about burnout – that is where I started to notice the exact similarities with possible causes.
SAH: What solutions did you find to combat burn-out?
Cristina: As noted in my previous answer, becoming proactive about what was happening to my body and mind was crucial in combating the situation. Speaking with the GP and the university counselling service not only helped pinpoint my condition but also provided rightful evidence of adverse circumstances for the university to take into consideration – I was granted coursework extensions and was allowed to defer an exam. Moreover, speaking with staff in my department and college also helped me understand that my current state did not mean I was a failure – after all, I wouldn’t have been admitted there if they hadn’t seen my potential, they said. This advice was also reinforced by my family and close friends – regular phone calls and catch-ups over rigorously timetabled meal times in the college cafeteria ensured I was back on track. Despite suffering of burn-out a while after myself, Soumya was extremely empathetic and, notably, she accompanied me to the hospital at the peak of my mental health crisis stage of burn-out. Furthermore, I should not discredit myself from trying either – I also had a desire to overcome perfectionism and better look after myself. As a result, I still managed to get good results despite not working as hard as in the past, while balancing it with a regular sleeping and eating schedule, as well as trying out a sport (badminton).
Soumya: I had to minutely observe and reverse-engineer my responses to triggers in different situations and take note of recurring symptoms. I had turned averse to the thought of spending time with some of my friends who I had known for several months, even years. I pondered over what about them was so off-putting and realised that I felt drained out even after a small interaction. I obviously understand job and admission applications and graduation is incredibly stressful, or some people may simply be at a point in life where they do not really know what they want. I empathize with them, however, that did not mean I had to deal with that temperament all the time – negativity is indeed contagious. I established strict personal boundaries and started engaging myself in more positive interactions with like-minded, happy people. That alone had a massive positive effect on me in no time. It is essential to put on your own oxygen mask first – after all, how can you expect to exude positivity when you are depleted yourself!
This, however, was not the sole reason – it took me a while to realise that I had made my achievements and my work the entirety of my identity, and the more I amassed and felt accomplished, the more I wanted to do, but I had limitations with my time and of course my body and mind. It was like I was addicted to working and succeeding! I had to teach myself that it is nice to take pride in my work, but my health and relationships were equally indispensable. In fact, good health and healthy relationships fuelled me with more energy to perform well. Having a fully booked calendar isn’t a trophy and doesn’t translate to productivity. Fortunately, I recognised the issue well in time and took the right steps, which helped me take control of my situation over the next six months and I finished university with great results.
SAH: How can you ensure that this does not happen again?
Cristina: While having a stubborn personality, plenty of advice from my mentors, peers, but also online inspired me to take a more balanced approach to work and life. Setting goals early and creating a reasonable timeline to accomplish them is crucial in this sense – you don’t have to work every hour of the day! However, you must equally not beat yourself up if you can’t meet all expectations – there is no such thing as perfection no matter how ambitious you are. It is very important to alternate work with hobbies and relaxation. Inevitably, there will be times when one is under pressure (i.e. to meet a deadline). When this happens, a support network in which people mutually listen to each other does wonders! Bear in mind that you have to set boundaries too – listening to the same things you’re going through for long periods of time can itself lead to burn-out! Furthermore, always seek help from your supervisors/employers when you’re down – they are humans too and should normally be understanding (if they don’t, you deserve much better!). Finally, medical professionals are the go-to support if your state does not improve – remember, you are a good human being and your productivity does not define you!
Soumya: Burnout is not something that magically disappears upon taking a treatment. It calls for lifestyle changes. I am learning to differentiate between passion and an unhealthy obsession for work and optimising opportunities that come my way – there are no deadlines for experiencing all what I want and I will have many of similar opportunities if I am not able to accommodate them at a given time. Having personal boundaries is indispensable and I have purposely started to create limits on how much time I can spend on a task or with a person in a given duration of time unless urgent. I have become very particular about the kind of people I spend my time with. I would suggest identifying few family members and friends who genuinely care for you, have a positive temperament in general, can check on you regularly and can offer constructive advice when needed. Spend more time with people like these – substitute texting with phone calls, video calls and meeting in person wherever possible – it helps establish closer connection. I do not have to spend time beyond what’s necessary with anyone with whom I feel perpetually exhausted or on edge. It is also important to overcome your fear of missing out – no matter how much you wish to stay on top of things there will be some things left behind or delayed which is absolutely fine – you have all the time in the world to learn and experience new things.
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